There is a need for Semantic Web applications in order to increase the amount of Semantic Web information that can be searched. This could result in a virtuous circle of Semantic Web applications creating Semantic Web information, and so justifying the creation of more Semantic Web applications to access it. This research advocates the use of Semantic Web applications for modelling and end-user programming, and integration into business applications.
Research in the use and visualisation of Semantic Web information can provide the tools that end-user programmers have been lacking until recently, and these tools can be used for modelling. A modelling environment needs to be created by software developers in order to allow users/model builders/domain experts to create collaborative and interoperable models. This modelling environment could be created using an open standard language such as XML (eXtensible Markup Language). Cheung et al. (2005) demonstrate the importance of XML for interoperability and knowledge re-use. As the high (user) level translation, this would depend on tools developed in order to assist the user, provide an interface and manage the user interface. These tools are written by developers using lower level languages, in order to enable modelling by end-user modellers.
The use of Semantic Web languages as programming languages would assist greatly with interoperability as these languages are standardised for use in a wide range of computer systems (as explained by Berners-Lee and Fischetti (1999). Anderson's (2007) Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) report explains that as an application becomes more popular, more people use it in order to communicate with others who use it. This enables exposing information using web technology, for re-use.
Anderson (2007) in a Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) report explains how Semantic Web and Web 2.0 are related as Berners-Lee's intention in the early development of Semantic Web technologies was for pages to be interactive. Anderson's JISC report talks of Web 2.0 trends towards the "End of the software release cycle, Lightweight programming models, Software above the level of a single device, and Rich user experiences". The ontology development problem should be aided by publishing the ontology and allowing tagging of content by users, the advantages of this in creating a shared understanding of what things mean is explained by Anderson. Anderson explains that tagging by web users can generate some understanding and agreement about terms and an improved search facility, even without a formal ontology, or as a way to assist in the development and improvement of an ontology. Anderson's JISC report explains how the technologies used are enabling user-centred web applications, and the use of the web as a development platform. It explains "As a Web 2.0 concept, this idea of opening up goes beyond the open source software idea of opening up code to developers, to opening up content production to all users and exposing data for re-use and combination". Anderson (2007) establishes the need for communities to build ontologies. Software applications are needed that allow users with little software knowledge to edit and update ontologies themselves. Anderson talks of 'harnessing collective intelligence' by means of interactive collaborative software, he calls this 'distributed human intelligence'. Cayzer (2004) argues for provision of mechanisms to allow web page creators to tag their pages easily and as a natural part of the page creation. Al-Khalifa and Davis (2006) and Schmitz (2006) use this approach of user tagging combined with centralised ontology development.
Sternemann and Zelm (1999) explained that it has become necessary to research collaborative modelling and visualisation tools, because of the business trend towards global markets and decentralised organisation structures. Green et al. (2007), and Cheung et al. (2007) also explain this. So it is important to demonstrate a system that could be used to solve this problem by means of accessible, interoperable collaborative software to enable visual modelling/programming.
References
Al-Khalifa, H. S., Davis, H. C., 2006. Harnessing the Wisdom of Crowds: How To Semantically Annotate Web Resource Using Folksonomies. In: Proceedings of IADIS Web Applications and Research (WAR2006).
Anderson, P. Technology and Standards Watch. 2007. JISC (Joint Information Systems Committee) What is Web 2.0? Ideas, technologies and implications for education.
Berners-Lee, T., Fischetti, M., 1999. Weaving the Web. Harper San Francisco; Paperback: ISBN:006251587X
Cayzer, S., 2004. Semantic Blogging and Decentralized knowledge Management. Communications of the ACM. Vol. 47, No. 12, Dec 2004, pp. 47-52. ACM Press.
Cheung, W. M., Maropoulos, P. G., Gao, J. X., Aziz, H., 2005. Ontological Approach for Organisational Knowledge Re-use in Product Developing Environments. In: 11th International Conference on Concurrent Enterprising - ICE 2005, University BW Munich, Germany.
Cheung, W. M., Matthews, P. C., Gao, J. X., Maropoulos, P. G., 2007. Advanced product development integration architecture: an out-of-box solution to support distributed production networks. International Journal of Production Research March 2007.
Green, S., Beeson, I., Kamm, R., 2007. Process architectures and process models: opportunities for reuse. In: 8th Workshop on Business Process Modeling, Development, and Support BPMDS07 and CAiSE'07 11-15 June 2007, Trondheim, Norway.
Schmitz, P., 2006. Inducing ontology from Flickr tags. In: WWW2006 Conference, Edinburgh, UK. May 22-26, 2006.
Sternemann, K. H., Zelm, M., 1999. Context sensitive provision and visualisation of enterprise information with a hypermedia based system, Computers in Industry Vol 40 (2) pp 173-184.
More Information on this subject is available at - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/Ajax/ajax.htm.
My Research - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~phale/.
Modelling - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/Modelling.htm.
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